Introduction to Inventory Management
The term "inventory" refers to the items, goods or materials that are used by a firm for
the purpose of production and sale. It also includes the items, which
are used as supportive materials to facilitate production function.
There are three basic types of inventory:
- Raw Materials (RM)
- Work-in-Process (WIP)
- Finished Goods (FG)
Raw materials are the items
purchased by firms for use in production of finished product.
Work-in-progress consists of all items currently in the process of
production. This includes semi-finished (SFG) goods also. These are actually partly manufactured products.
Finished
goods consists of those items, which have already been produced but not
yet sold.
Inventory constitutes one of the important items of current assets,
which permits smooth operation of production and sale process of a firm.
Inventory management is that aspect of current assets management, which
is concerned with maintaining optimum investment in inventory and
applying effective control system so as to minimize the total inventory
cost.
Importance Of Inventory Management
Inventory management is important from the view point that it enables to address two important issues:
1. The firm has to maintain adequate inventory for smooth production and selling activities.
2. It has to minimize the investment in inventory to enhance firm's profitability.
Investment in inventory should neither be excessive nor inadequate. It
should just be optimum. Maintaining optimum level of inventory is the
main aim of inventory management.
Excessive investment in inventory
results into more cost of fund being tied up so that it reduces the
profitability, inventories may be misused, lost, damaged and hold costs
in terms of large space and others. At the same time, insufficient
investment in inventory creates stock-out problems, interruption in
production and selling operation.
Therefore, the firm may loose the
customers as they shift to the competitors. Financial manager, as he
involves in inventory management, should always try to put neither
excessive nor inadequate investment in inventory.
The importance or
significance of inventory management could be specified as below:
- Inventory management helps in maintaining a trade off between carrying costs and ordering costs which results into minimizing the total cost of inventory.
- Inventory management facilitates maintaining adequate inventory for smooth production and sales operations
- Inventory management avoids the stock-out problem that a firm otherwise would face in the lack of proper inventory management
- Inventory management suggests the proper inventory control system to be applied by a firm to avoid losses, damages and misuses.
***INVENTORY IS MONEY***
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